Bhagavad Gita · Verse 13.22
Chapter 13: Kshetra Kshetrajna Vibhaga Yoga (क्षेत्रक्षेत्रज्ञविभागयोगः)
(The Supreme Lord said)
उपद्रष्टानुमन्ता च भर्ता भोक्ता महेश्वरः । परमात्मेति चाप्युक्तो देहेऽस्मिन्पुरुषः परः ॥२२॥
upadraṣṭānumantā ca bhartā bhoktā maheśvaraḥ | paramātmeti cāpyukto dehe'sminpuruṣaḥ paraḥ ||22||
Complete Shloka Translation
The supreme purusha in this body is called the witness, the permitter, the sustainer, the experiencer, the great Lord, and also the supreme Self.
Word-by-Word Translation (Padartha / Anvaya)
| Sanskrit Term (पद) | IAST Roman | English Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| उपद्रष्टृ | upadraṣṭṛ | witness |
| अनुमन्तृ | anumantṛ | permitter |
| उपद्रष्टानुमन्ता | upadraṣṭānumantā | [term] in context of The supreme purusha in this bo... |
| भर्ता | ca | [term] in context of The supreme purusha in this bo... |
| भोक्ता | bhartā | [term] in context of The supreme purusha in this bo... |
| महेश्वरः | bhoktā | [term] in context of The supreme purusha in this bo... |
| परमात्मेति | maheśvaraḥ | [term] in context of The supreme purusha in this bo... |
| चाप्युक्तो | paramātmeti | [term] in context of The supreme purusha in this bo... |
| देहेऽस्मिन्पुरुषः | cāpyukto | [term] in context of The supreme purusha in this bo... |
| परः | dehe'sminpuruṣaḥ | [term] in context of The supreme purusha in this bo... |
| २२ | paraḥ | [term] in context of The supreme purusha in this bo... |
witness
permitter
[term] in context of The supreme purusha in this bo...
[term] in context of The supreme purusha in this bo...
[term] in context of The supreme purusha in this bo...
[term] in context of The supreme purusha in this bo...
[term] in context of The supreme purusha in this bo...
[term] in context of The supreme purusha in this bo...
[term] in context of The supreme purusha in this bo...
[term] in context of The supreme purusha in this bo...
[term] in context of The supreme purusha in this bo...
Detailed Commentary & Meaningful Thoughts
The verse names several roles of the supreme presence within the body. The relation among witness, experiencer, individual self and supreme Self differs across traditions.
Philosophical Reflection & Self-Inquiry
"Contemplate inward presence with humility before its many descriptions."
Inquiry Question to Ponder:
How do the different descriptions of inward presence invite reflection?
Modern Life Implementation (Practical Real-Life Application)
Apply this verse to master daily focus: anchor your consciousness in higher values, let go of anxious attachment to results, and act with integrity and kindness in every endeavor.