Bhagavad Gita · Verse 1.4
Chapter 1: Arjuna Vishada Yoga (अर्जुनविषादयोगः)
(Duryodhana spoke)
अत्र शूरा महेष्वासा भीमार्जुनसमा युधि । युयुधानो विराटश्च द्रुपदश्च महारथः ॥४॥
atra śūrā maheṣvāsā bhīmārjunasamā yudhi | yuyudhāno virāṭaśca drupadaśca mahārathaḥ ||4||
Complete Shloka Translation
Here are heroes and mighty archers equal to Bhima and Arjuna in battle: Yuyudhana, Virata, and Drupada, a great chariot-warrior.
Word-by-Word Translation (Padartha / Anvaya)
| Sanskrit Term (पद) | IAST Roman | English Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| अत्र | atra | here (in this army) |
| शूराः | śūrāḥ | mighty heroes / warriors |
| महेष्वासाः | maheṣvāsāḥ | wielders of mighty bows |
| भीम-अर्जुन-समाः | bhīma-arjuna-samāḥ | equal in valor to Bhima and Arjuna |
| युधि | yudhi | in combat / in warfare |
| युयुधानः | yuyudhānaḥ | Yuyudhana (Satyaki) |
| विराटः | virāṭaḥ | King Virata |
| च | ca | and |
| द्रुपदः | drupadaḥ | King Drupada |
| महारथः | mahā-rathaḥ | commander capable of fighting ten thousand warriors single-handedly |
here (in this army)
mighty heroes / warriors
wielders of mighty bows
equal in valor to Bhima and Arjuna
in combat / in warfare
Yuyudhana (Satyaki)
King Virata
and
King Drupada
commander capable of fighting ten thousand warriors single-handedly
Detailed Commentary & Meaningful Thoughts
Duryodhana begins naming prominent Pandava allies rather than treating the army as an anonymous mass. His comparison with Bhima and Arjuna emphasizes their fighting ability, not a judgment about their moral character.
Philosophical Reflection & Self-Inquiry
"The opposing army includes fighters whose skill deserves serious attention."
Inquiry Question to Ponder:
Whose strengths have I been overlooking?
Modern Life Implementation (Practical Real-Life Application)
Team Auditing and Competitive Analysis: Duryodhana catalogs the formidable champions of the opposing side. Before embarking on any major business venture, lawsuit, or critical endeavor, conduct an exhaustive assessment of both internal vulnerabilities and external obstacles rather than relying on wishful thinking.